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Yokosuka P1Y "FRANCES"

Yokosuka P1Y "FRANCES"

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The Yokosuka P1Y "Frances" (Ginga) was a Japanese Imperial Navy land-based medium bomber, operational from late 1943 to 1945. Primarily used in the Pacific Theater for torpedo runs, dive-bombing, and kamikaze missions, it operated from airfields in China, Taiwan, the Mariana Islands, the Philippines, the Ryukyu Islands, and Japan. 

 

Key operational details regarding its use include:

  • Operational Areas: The P1Y was utilized extensively in the defense of the Philippines and Formosa (Taiwan), as well as during the crucial Okinawa campaign in 1945.
  • Primary Roles: It functioned as a fast, twin-engine land-based bomber. Due to its speed and maneuverability, it was also used in night-fighter roles (P1Y2-S Kyokko).
  • Final Stage Usage: In the final stages of the war, as Japan faced mounting losses, the P1Y was employed in desperate kamikaze, or "special attack," missions against U.S. Navy vessels, such as the USS Ommaney Bay in December 1944.
  • Operational Units: The aircraft was operated by several Kōkūtai (Air Groups), including the 763rd Kokutai, which was active in the Philippines in 1945. 

 

Although designed to be a high-performance, long-range bomber, it suffered from complex maintenance, which limited its impact. 

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